How Do You Set Up Port Forwarding?
The traffic that passes through your router does so through ports. Every port is like a special pipe made for a specific kind of traffic. When you open a port on a router, it allows a particular data type to move through the router. The act of opening a port, and choosing a device on the network to forward those requests to, is called port forwarding. Port forwarding is like attaching a pipe from the router to the device that needs to use the port—there’s a direct line-of-sight between the two that allows data flow. For example, FTP servers listen for incoming connections on port 21. If you have an FTP server set up that nobody outside your network can connect to, open port 21 on the router and forward it to the computer you use as the server. When you do this, that new, dedicated pipe moves files from the server, through the router, and out of the network to the FTP client that’s communicating with it. The same is true for other scenarios like video games that need the internet to communicate with other players, torrent clients that require specific ports to be open for uploading files, and instant messaging applications that only send and receive messages through a specific port. Every networking application needs a port to run on, so if a program or application isn’t working when everything else is set up correctly, open the port on the router and forward requests to the right device (for example, a computer, printer, or game console). Port range forwarding is similar to port forwarding but is used to forward an entire range of ports. A certain video game might use ports 3478 through 3480, for example, so instead of typing all three into the router as separate port forwards, forward that whole range to the computer running that game.
Give the Device a Static IP Address
The device that will benefit from the port forward needs to have a static IP address. This way, you don’t have to change the port forwarding settings each time it obtains a new IP address. For example, if your computer runs torrenting software, assign a static IP address to that computer. If your gaming console uses a specific range of ports, it needs a static IP address. There are two ways to do this: from the router and from the computer. When you set up a static IP address for your computer, it’s easier to do it there.
Use Your Computer to Set Up a Static IP Address
To set up a Windows computer to use a static IP address, first identify which IP address it’s using currently. Now, you can use that information to set up the static IP address. You can also set up a Mac to use a static IP address, as well as Ubuntu and other Linux distributions.
Use Your Router to Set Up a Static IP Address
Another option is to use the router to set up a static IP address. Do this when a non-computer device needs an unchanging address (like a gaming console or a printer). The above steps are generic since static IP address assignment is different for each router, printer, and gaming device. Instructions differ if you need to reserve IP addresses for NETGEAR routers, edit DHCP settings on Google devices, or configure DHCP reservation on Linksys routers.
Set Up Port Forwarding
Now that you know the device’s IP address and configured it to stop changing, access the router and set up the port forwarding settings. Here’s an example of what it looks like to forward ports on a Linksys WRT610N: Some routers have a port forward setup wizard that makes it easier to configure. For example, the router might first give you a list of devices already using a static IP address and then let you choose the protocol and port number from there. More port forwarding instructions:
D-Link port forwarding Belkin port forwarding Google Nest Wi-Fi or Google Wi-Fi port forwarding
More on Open Ports
If forwarding a port on your router doesn’t allow the program or game to work on your computer, find out if a firewall program blocked the port. The same port needs to be open on the router and your computer for the application to use it. When you open a port on the router, traffic can flow in and out of it. When you scan the network for open ports, you should see everything that’s open from the outside. There are websites and tools build specifically for this. Here are some reasons why you would check for open ports:
To avoid getting into the router to check.To make sure the port opened correctly when a program or game isn’t working.To make sure a port you closed is actually closed.
Several places offer a free open port checker. PortChecker.co and NetworkAppers have online port checkers that scan a network from the outside. Another option is to download Advanced Port Scanner or FreePortScanner to scan devices within your private network. Only one port forward can exist for every instance of that port. For example, if you forward port 3389 (used by the Remote Desktop remote access program) to a computer with the IP address 192.168.1.115, that same router can’t also forward port 3389 to 192.168.1.120. In cases like this, the only solution, if possible, is to change the port the program uses. This may be possible from the software settings or through a registry hack. In the RDP example, if you edit the Windows Registry on the 192.168.1.120 computer to force Remote Desktop to use a different port like 3390, you could set up a new port forward for that port and use Remote Desktop on two computers within the same network.
